Therefore, the description of HV-related lesions in the digestive tract extends our knowledge about HV in cetaceans and raises relevant questions about their transmission and significance. Īlthough numerous cases of HV infection have been described in cetaceans in recent years, very few data is available concerning its detection in the digestive system of marine mammals. Recently, GHV infections have also been detected in the Central Nervous System of cetaceans, although its significance still needs to be clarified. Specifically, Gammaherpesvirus (GHV) positivity have been associated with cutaneous and mucosal lesions, mainly from genital mucosa. In cetaceans, HV molecular positivity has been associated with or without pathological findings. For this reason, it is common to find coinfections with other pathogens, such as Cetacean Morbillivirus (CeMV) and Brucella spp. Interestingly, HV also can cause immunosuppression in humans, and in other animal species, including cetaceans. HV can establish latent infection, during which no viral particles are produced, and revert to an active replication under stress or immunosuppression. So far, only Alpha- and/or Gammaherpesvirinae have been identified in eight cetacean families: Delphinidae, Kogiidae, Ziphiidae, Physeteridae, Monodontidae, Phocoenidae, Iniidae (odontocetes), and Balaenopteridae (mysticetes). Cetacean herpesvirus strains are usually classified according to the partial nucleotide se quence of a locus of their DNA polymerase (DNApol) gene. Herpesviridae family consists of three subfamilies: Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaherpesvirinae. Herpesvirus (HV) infections have been observed in mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians, and bivalves. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a proliferative lesion in the upper digestive mucosa associated with gammaherpesvirus posititvity in a striped dolphin ( Stenella coeruleoalba). This novel sequence showed the greatest identity with other Herpesvirus sequences detected in skin, pharyngeal and genital lesions in five different species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the herpesvirus sequence was included in the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. was obtained in pharyngeal tonsils and cerebrospinal fluid herpesvirus was detected in a proliferative lesion in the upper digestive mucosa. All samples were negative for cetacean morbillivirus molecular positivity for Brucella spp. using a real-time PCR, and for herpesvirus using a conventional nested PCR. As part of the health surveillance program tissue samples were tested for cetacean morbillivirus using a real-time reverse transcription-PCR, for Brucella spp. The oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal plaques were comprised histologically of focally extensive epithelial hyperplasia. Histopathology revealed lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic meningoencephalitis, consistent with neuro brucellosis. Internally, the main findings included congestion of the central nervous system and multiple, well-defined, whitish, irregularly shaped, proliferative lesions on the oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal mucosa. The animal showed external macroscopic lesions suggestive of an aggressive interaction with bottlenose dolphins (rake marks in the epidermis). Case reportĪ young female striped dolphin stranded in the Valencian Community (Spain) on the 6th August 2021. However, descriptions of herpesvirus infections in the digestive system of cetaceans are scarce. A wide variety of lesions have been associated with herpesvirus in cetaceans.
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